Cancer Warning as Study Links Common Processed Foods to Higher Risk of Lung Cancer

A new study has raised fresh concerns over the long-term health effects of ultra-processed foods, revealing a possible link between their regular consumption and an increased risk of lung cancer — even among people who have never smoked.

When most people think of lung cancer, smoking is the first thing that comes to mind. Cigarette packets carry graphic warnings, and public health campaigns have long focused on tobacco use as the primary cause. However, researchers say that what we put on our plates might also play a role.

A Global Health Concern

According to the study, lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In 2020 alone, there were an estimated 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths from the disease. While smoking remains the main culprit, around one-quarter of lung cancer cases occur in people who have never smoked.

An international research team set out to explore other potential risk factors, including diet. They tracked the health, lifestyle, and eating habits of more than 100,000 adults in the United States, with the average participant aged 63.

Over 12 years of follow-up, 1,706 cases of lung cancer were recorded. Researchers examined dietary survey data for each patient, focusing on their intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). These included ice cream, hamburgers, hot dogs, pizza, breads, cakes, pastries, breakfast cereals, instant noodles and soups, margarine, confectionery, and soft drinks.

It's Not Just Cigarettes That Cause Lung Cancer

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The findings showed that the average participant consumed around three servings of UPFs per day, although individual consumption ranged from half a serving to six servings daily. The most frequently reported items were processed lunch meats, diet or caffeinated soft drinks, and decaffeinated soft drinks.

Those who consumed the highest amounts of UPFs were found to be 41 percent more likely to develop lung cancer compared to those who ate the least.

There's also a social aspect to consider. Ultra-processed foods are often more accessible and affordable, making them an easy choice for many individuals and families. This is particularly true in low-income areas where access to whole, fresh foods may be limited. Dr. Michael Greger, a renowned nutritionist, emphasizes that "the availability of healthy foods is a critical factor in dietary choices, especially in underserved communities" (Dr. Michael Greger). These social determinants of health can significantly contribute to the increased consumption of these foods and, subsequently, to health risks like lung cancer.

Scientists Found a Link Between Some of Our Favourite Fast Foods and Lung Cancer

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Smoking Considered, But Questions Remain

The researchers did account for whether participants smoked, but they did not measure the exact quantity or frequency of smoking. This means it is still unclear how much of the cancer risk can be attributed to diet alone.

Professor Sam Hare, consultant chest radiologist at the Royal Free London NHS Trust, said:

“A quarter of lung cancer cases occur in non-smokers, so we do need research exploring whether other factors are associated with lung cancer. We also know immunity is linked to cancer biology, so it is a good idea to do research into factors like diet.”

However, he noted that dietary habits can change over time, making it “difficult to directly conclude” that processed food intake alone raises the risk.

“That said, given the relative dearth of information on non-smoking-related risk factors in lung cancer, it is important that the scientific community conducts more studies like this. We need genuine evidence-based advancement in the early diagnosis of lung cancer in non-smokers, but this study isn’t quite able to give us the answers yet.”

Many of the Patients Were Found to Consume at Least 3 Servings a Day

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Understanding the Psychology Behind Food Choices

Our food choices are often influenced by psychological factors. As noted by Dr. Shawn Achor, a positive psychology researcher, "Stress can lead individuals to seek comfort in food, often resulting in unhealthy eating patterns." Ultra-processed foods, frequently consumed as a form of self-medication, may provide temporary relief from negative emotions but pose significant long-term health risks, including an increased likelihood of lung cancer. Dr. Achor emphasizes, "Understanding the emotional triggers behind our eating habits is crucial for making healthier choices" (Dr. Shawn Achor).

Ultra-Processed Foods on the Rise

Researchers highlighted that over the past two decades, global UPF consumption has increased sharply, regardless of a country’s economic status. They noted that this trend may have contributed to the worldwide rise in obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, cancer, and premature death.

While the study stops short of proving that UPFs directly cause lung cancer, it adds to the growing body of evidence that diets high in heavily processed products can harm long-term health — and not just by contributing to weight gain or heart problems.

The message from scientists is not to panic, but to be aware. Cutting back on processed foods where possible and replacing them with fresh, whole ingredients could help reduce risk factors for a wide range of serious conditions, including lung cancer.

What Research Shows About Changing Eating Habits

Addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can help individuals manage stress and emotional distress in healthier ways, reducing reliance on ultra-processed foods. As Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett, an emotion researcher, states, "Emotions are not just reactions; they are the result of how we interpret our experiences, which can guide us in making healthier choices." Additionally, social changes, such as improving access to healthier food options, can also make a significant difference. According to Dr. Joel Kahn, a cardiologist and nutrition expert, "Access to nutritious food is essential for preventing disease and promoting overall health, and we must advocate for better food environments."

Analysis & Alternative Approaches

In conclusion, the link between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the increased risk of lung cancer is a complex issue with both psychological and social components. Dr. Susan David, an expert in emotional agility, emphasizes that "understanding our emotions and the psychological factors driving unhealthy eating habits is crucial for making lasting changes." Addressing this health concern requires tackling social determinants of health that limit access to healthier food options. Comprehensive approaches that include both psychological interventions and social changes are likely to be most effective, as noted by Dr. Barry Schwartz, a choice researcher, who states, "We must consider the choices available to individuals and how those choices are influenced by their environment" (Dr. Susan David; Dr. Barry Schwartz).